For a few moments on July 21, 1962, Egypt had exactly the spectacle it wanted. Four surface-to-surface rockets blasted into the sky near Wadi El Natrun as journalists watched from the desert. The rockets eventually fell into the Mediterranean, but the message had already been delivered: Egypt wanted the world to see that it had entered the "missile age," as per a report.The government followed the launches with rallies and fireworks, while a plane dropped candy over Cairo. State-owned radio celebrated the country's new long-range firepower.What the public saw was a military demonstration. Behind it was a secretive program involving...