Joseph Weizenbaum realized that programs like his Eliza chatbot could “induce powerful delusional thinking in quite normal people” Joseph Weizenbaum set out to prove that computers could imitate conversation. Instead, his experiment convinced him that people could become emotionally attached to machines far more easily than he had imagined. That discovery changed the course of his career.The computer scientist, who created the world's first chatbot in the mid-1960s, spent the rest of his life warning that artificial intelligence (AI) should never replace human judgement, empathy or responsibility. Decades before ChatGPT and other modern AI systems, Weizenbaum argued that convincing machines...