Iranian missiles threatening Gulf governments, US military bases and Israel have become one of the most dangerous weapons in the Middle East. Yet the origins of that missile threat lie in a secret weapons programme funded by Tehran and developed by Israeli scientists during the final years of the Shah. In one of the Middle East’s most striking historical ironies, the missile confrontation now shaping the region began with a covert Israeli–Iranian partnership. Less than half a century ago, Iranian officers travelled to Israel to watch the launch of an Israeli missile in the Negev desert. The test was part...