SYDNEY — The Australian state of New South Wales, of which Sydney is the capital, passed new laws Wednesday that further restrict gun ownership and empower police to shut down protests, in response to last week’s terrorist attack on a Hanukkah celebration. The state legislation comes just 10 days after the country’s deadliest mass shooting in decades, which left 15 people dead at Bondi Beach in Sydney. It is the first of a slew of actions the country’s leaders have pledged in the aftermath of the massacre to tighten gun laws, criminalize hate speech, and crack down on groups spreading...