Stuart suggested that parts of the government fundamentally misunderstand Islamist extremism and its antisemitic ideology, unlike their understanding of antisemitism as a factor of far-right extremism, a point also made in the 2023 William Shawcross review. She stressed the antisemitism associated with Islamist extremism is not merely a reaction to the Gaza conflict but is “deeply ideological”. Walney echoed this, stating: “The opposition to the current government of Israel is not the primary root of this sense of injustice; it is the temerity of Jews thinking they could have a state and a place in the Middle East, that is...