A federal judge has blocked the deployment of National Guard troops to Illinois for two weeks, citing the risk of provoking civil unrest. The order on Thursday marks the latest judicial rebuke to the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump, which has promised to continue asserting itself in largely Democrat-run places where local leaders have said it is not wanted. The government has argued the troop deployments are necessary to protect federal officers and property from what they characterize as dangerous unrest. On Thursday, Mr. Trump’s top leadership vowed to expand the presence of federal agents in Chicago and Portland,...