When he was 19 years old, still eons away from the essays, the novels, and the pseudonym that would grant him literary immortality, Eric Arthur Blair went east and joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. The country was still under British colonial rule — “an outpost of empire” — and the young man was stationed in various cities in and around Rangoon. It was there that Blair began to notice how the authorities within this occupied territory operated with the express goal of maintaining cultural supremacy and keeping the native populace under Her Majesty’s thumb. He not only grew...