In February 1944, with few signs of the Second World War drawing to a close, the colonial authorities in India – who had interned many citizens of Axis nations and held enemy combatants in Indian prisons – requested the Home Department to compile data on the number of foreigners from several countries residing in India. The Intelligence Bureau specifically sought precise figures on Americans, Chinese, French, Iranians, Iraqis and Poles, as well as both interned and non-interned Germans and Italians living in the country. When collating this information across the vast, undivided subcontinent, the Home Department identified 42,673 registrable foreigners....