The Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA), the National Register of Citizens (NRC), and the ongoing Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar seek to disenfranchise citizens, and change the nature of citizenship in India. Collectively, they carry echoes of the most disturbing episodes of 20th-century history and augur a dangerous, exclusionary path that independent India has consciously avoided thus far. Two main perspectives exist regarding citizenship: Citizenship by birth (jus soli) and citizenship based on race and culture (jus sanguinis). Of these, the Indian Constitution upheld the modern perspective of citizenship by birth, after the discussions on citizenship that...