Israel, scholar Trita Parsi records, even built the production facility at Sirjan and the test facility at Kharg island, which laid the foundations for Iran’s guided missile programme as part of a $280 million project code-named Flower. Israel’s aid was intended to secure its ally from Saddam Hussein’s Iraq and the Soviet Union. Today, as Iranian missiles and drones rain down on Israel—threatening to spark off a region-wide war with profound global consequences—it is hard to imagine that the two countries were once close allies. Israel’s Mossad and SAVAK partnered with MIT in a kind of secret North Atlantic Treaty...