Republicans are looking to capitalize on heightening tensions between Democrats and the Israeli government, which spilled into the public view after Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) denounced longtime Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and called for new elections in the country. Senate Republicans hosted Netanyahu for a virtual address during their weekly lunch on Wednesday — days after Schumer’s striking floor speech — an unusual gathering of a foreign leader with lawmakers from just one party. Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) said Netanyahu called Schumer’s remarks “wholly inappropriate” during the huddle. Schumer, meanwhile, declined a request from Netanyahu to meet with...