The United States and Israel are about to have their biggest, most consequential disagreement in many years. The dispute is over whether, and for how long, to extend the cease-fire in the war on Hamas. President Joe Biden helped negotiate the deal in such a way to give Israel and Hamas incentives to prolong the pause in fighting. By contrast, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his emergency war Cabinet say they want to resume the fighting by this weekend. The truce, which began Friday, was originally to last four days. Over that period, Hamas was to release 50 of the...