Russia under president Vladimir Putin 'believes it is acting with goodwill by establishing a "correct" version of the world', says philosopher Julie Reshe. Photograph: Mikhail Metzel/AFP via Getty Images Growing up in Ireland typically meant exposure to a “no notions” form of positive psychology: “Quit your moaning”, “Think of the starving children in Africa” and “Count your blessings”. Such instructions were designed to guard against self-pity and imbue a restrained form of optimism. Nowadays, we go in for more gung-ho, American-style positivity: motivational exercises, medicating against sadness and most recently “manifesting”. If you haven’t heard, the latter involves staring at...