Judges can take hate into consideration in sentencing as a motivating factor. “Hate” per se don’t exist as a crime on its own in the Criminal Code of Canada. However, inciting hatred, promoting hatred, advocating or promoting genocide, spreading hate propaganda or antisemitism are listed as crimes in the Criminal Code of Canada. But even if the crime doesn’t fall under one of these categories, judges can take hate into consideration when sentencing, that is, weighing whether it’s a factor or motivation in committing the crime. This could be a bias, prejudice or hate based on colour, race, religion, national...