This article is an edited version of something I wrote for a 2005 anthology called Underground: The Disinformation Guide to Ancient Civilizations, Astonishing Archaeology, and Hidden History ) With rare exceptions, humans are not driven to commit atrocities. With rare exceptions, humans can be driven to commit atrocities. “People often are conscripted into armies, but sometimes they enlist with gusto,” explains cognitive psychologist, Steven Pinker. “Jingoism,” Pinker adds, “is alarmingly easy to evoke.” “I have come to believe that men kill in war because they do not know their real enemy and because they are pushed into a position where...