On 12 January 1948, Premier of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin’s secret police murdered Yiddish actor Solomon Mikhoels in an incident that was meant to resemble a road accident. Shortly after Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, Stalin established the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC), whose highly respected Jewish artists and intellectuals solicited sympathy and assistance for the Soviet war effort. When the war ended, the JAC’s mission became to preserve what remained of Jewish culture in liberated Eastern Europe. Following the war, Stalin became concerned that the committee’s well-known relationship to Yiddish represented the group's intention to cultivate...