Aakash Singh Rathore. Modern Europe was shaped by the 18th-century Enlightenment, which dreamt of reason and science, technology, democracy, national sovereignty, the free market, and a society based on individual rights and freedoms. Was the holocaust the great aberration of this dream? Believers in the Enlightenment idea – which continues to define modernity worldwide – would say so: a devastating violation.But this summer, as I walked through the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp and museum, observing the engineering precision of the gas chambers and the giant shafts that aligned them with the furnaces meant to suck in the dead bodies and char...