German journalist and author Hasnain Kazim did not expect a routine visit to the barber in Pakistan to become an awkward cultural encounter. Sitting in a chair while an elderly barber worked carefully with a creaky pair of scissors and a comb, Kazim looked at his reflection and jokingly complained about the neat but rigid hairstyle. “I said: ‘I look like Hitler.’” Instead of laughing or correcting the remark, the barber looked at him in the mirror and responded approvingly. “He looked at me in the mirror, gave a satisfied smile and said: ‘Yes, yes, very nice.’” Kazim, in a...