About a year ago, it seemed the sky was falling for American scientific research. The Trump administration last February cut thousands of workers at federal science agencies, squeezed the flow of grant money to universities and tried to slash funding for the overhead costs of research. In the months that followed, it targeted elite universities over allegations of antisemitism; clawed back grants on topics it saw as related to diversity, equity and inclusion; and proposed a budget with drastic cuts to agencies like NASA and the National Science Foundation (NSF). To many, science appeared under assault. The model the federal...