THE little town of Hendaye lies literally on the border. The Basques – known in Spain as vascos – occupy a region that long predates modern notions of nationhood, stretching along Spain’s north-eastern coast and well into France. It was here that two men, each riding high at that moment, chose to meet in the autumn of 1940. Francisco Franco was the uniform-wearing caudillo of Spain. Barely 50 months earlier, he had been an ambitious but unimportant army officer serving in Morocco. Spain’s long-running colonial war in North Africa was draining its resources and manpower. The irregular guerrillas of the...