Last week, Elon Musk announced that his artificial intelligence company xAI had upgraded the Grok chatbot available on X. “You should notice a difference,” he said. Within days, users indeed noted a change: a new appreciation for Adolf Hitler. By Tuesday, the chatbot was spewing out anti-Semitic tropes and declaring that it identified as a “MechaHitler” – a reference to a fictional, robotic Führer from a 1990s video game. This came only two months after Grok repeatedly referenced “white genocide” in South Africa in response to unrelated questions, which xAI later said was because of an “unauthorised modification” to prompts...