(March 8, 2022 / JNS) The European Council recently announced measures it will adopt to combat racism and anti-Semitism, which include urging social-media companies to remove racist and anti-Semitic hate speech and adopting the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance’s (IHRA) working definition of anti-Semitism. These efforts, which are officially called “ conclusions ,” also call on European Union member states to strengthen the ability of their national and judicial authorities to prosecute illegal online racist and anti-Semitic hate crime and hate speech, including by establishing national online monitoring centers and platforms where people can report hateful content. Other items associated with...