“The Führer was surprised — he clearly had no foreknowledge of the date and time of the attack — and ecstatic.” By Brendan Simms AFTER A long run of victories which had given him control over most of continental Europe, things were not going well for Hitler by Dec. 7,1941. He was wrestling with a British offensive in North Africa , falling sinkings by his U-Boats in the Battle of the Atlantic , the steady increase of American ‘ Lend-Lease ’ shipments to Britain and the stagnation of the eastern campaign against Stalin, who had just started a major counter-offensive...